A 2-year-old child presents with recurrent wheezing and a history of eczema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Asthma is strongly associated with atopy.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 5-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, and a sandpaper rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Scarlet fever
C) Rubella
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Sandpaper rash is classic for scarlet fever.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Malrotation with volvulus
C) GERD
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Bilious vomiting indicates obstruction beyond the duodenum.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 7-year-old child presents with fever, migratory joint pain, and a new murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Pericarditis
📖 شرح: Migratory arthritis plus murmur suggests rheumatic fever.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 1-year-old child presents with severe pallor, irritability, and microcytic hypochromic anemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Thalassemia major
C) B12 deficiency
D) Aplastic anemia
📖 شرح: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemia in toddlers.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Croup
B) Epiglottitis
C) Asthma
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Barking cough and stridor are classic for croup.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, drooling, and lateral neck swelling. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Peritonsillar abscess
B) Retropharyngeal abscess
C) Epiglottitis
D) Mumps
📖 شرح: Lateral neck swelling with drooling suggests deep neck infection.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with cyanosis that improves with crying and worsens with feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Choanal atresia
B) PDA
C) ASD
D) TOF
📖 شرح: Cyanosis relieved by crying is classic for choanal atresia.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-year-old child presents with cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Rubella
C) Scarlet fever
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with a limp and hip pain. X-ray shows fragmentation of the femoral head. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCFE
B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C) Transient synovitis
D) Septic arthritis
📖 شرح: Fragmentation of the femoral head indicates avascular necrosis.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 2-year-old child presents with recurrent wheezing and a history of eczema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Asthma is strongly associated with atopy.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 5-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, and a sandpaper rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Scarlet fever
C) Rubella
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Sandpaper rash is classic for scarlet fever.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Malrotation with volvulus
C) GERD
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Bilious vomiting indicates obstruction beyond the duodenum.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 7-year-old child presents with fever, migratory joint pain, and a new murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Pericarditis
📖 شرح: Migratory arthritis plus murmur suggests rheumatic fever.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 1-year-old child presents with severe pallor, irritability, and microcytic hypochromic anemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Thalassemia major
C) B12 deficiency
D) Aplastic anemia
📖 شرح: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemia in toddlers.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Croup
B) Epiglottitis
C) Asthma
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Barking cough and stridor are classic for croup.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, drooling, and neck stiffness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Retropharyngeal abscess
B) Tonsillitis
C) Epiglottitis
D) Meningitis
📖 شرح: Drooling with neck stiffness suggests deep neck infection.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A newborn presents with cyanosis that improves with crying. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Choanal atresia
B) PDA
C) ASD
D) TOF
📖 شرح: Cyanosis relieved by crying is classic for choanal atresia.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-year-old child presents with cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Rubella
C) Scarlet fever
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with a limp and hip pain. X-ray shows flattening of the femoral head. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCFE
B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C) Transient synovitis
D) Septic arthritis
📖 شرح: Flattening of the femoral head indicates avascular necrosis.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B