A 2-year-old child presents with wheezing, cough, and a history of eczema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Asthma is associated with atopy.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 5-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, and a sandpaper rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Scarlet fever
C) Rubella
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Scarlet fever causes sandpaper rash.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Malrotation with volvulus
C) GERD
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Bilious vomiting indicates obstruction beyond the duodenum.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 7-year-old child presents with fever, migratory joint pain, and a new murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Pericarditis
📖 شرح: Rheumatic fever follows untreated strep throat.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 1-year-old child presents with severe pallor, irritability, and microcytic hypochromic anemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Thalassemia major
C) B12 deficiency
D) Aplastic anemia
📖 شرح: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemia in children.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Croup
B) Epiglottitis
C) Asthma
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Croup causes barking cough and stridor.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, and a muffled hot potato voice. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Tonsillitis
B) Peritonsillar abscess
C) Epiglottitis
D) Retropharyngeal abscess
📖 شرح: Hot potato voice suggests peritonsillar abscess.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 6-month-old infant presents with wheezing, cough, and poor feeding. RSV test is positive. What is the diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Bronchiolitis is caused by RSV in infants.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 5-year-old child presents with fever, rash, and strawberry tongue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Scarlet fever
B) Measles
C) Rubella
D) Kawasaki disease
📖 شرح: Scarlet fever causes strawberry tongue and sandpaper rash.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A newborn presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Malrotation with volvulus
C) GERD
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Bilious vomiting indicates obstruction beyond the duodenum.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, neck stiffness, and photophobia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Meningitis
B) Retropharyngeal abscess
C) Tonsillitis
D) Sinusitis
📖 شرح: Meningitis presents with neck stiffness and photophobia.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 7-year-old child presents with fever, joint pain, and a new murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Pericarditis
📖 شرح: Rheumatic fever follows untreated strep throat.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 1-year-old child presents with recurrent infections and failure to thrive. Sweat chloride test is positive. What is the diagnosis?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Primary ciliary dyskinesia
C) SCID
D) Asthma
📖 شرح: CF causes thick secretions and recurrent infections.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with a limp and knee pain. X-ray shows avascular necrosis of the femoral head. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCFE
B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C) Transient synovitis
D) Septic arthritis
📖 شرح: Perthes disease causes avascular necrosis.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 3-year-old child presents with barking cough and inspiratory stridor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Croup
B) Epiglottitis
C) Asthma
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Croup causes barking cough and stridor.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-year-old child presents with petechiae, low platelets, and recent viral infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ITP
B) DIC
C) Hemophilia
D) Leukemia
📖 شرح: ITP causes isolated thrombocytopenia after viral illness.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, drooling, and a muffled voice. Lateral neck X-ray shows widened retropharyngeal space. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Tonsillitis
B) Retropharyngeal abscess
C) Epiglottitis
D) Peritonsillar abscess
📖 شرح: Widened retropharyngeal space indicates deep neck infection.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with cyanosis that improves with crying and worsens with feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Choanal atresia
B) PDA
C) ASD
D) TOF
📖 شرح: Choanal atresia causes cyanosis relieved by crying.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-year-old child presents with fever, cough, and a maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads downward. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Rubella
C) Scarlet fever
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Measles rash spreads from head to toe.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with a limp and limited hip abduction. X-ray shows flattening of the femoral head. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCFE
B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C) Transient synovitis
D) Septic arthritis
📖 شرح: Perthes disease causes avascular necrosis.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B