A newborn presents with cyanosis that does not improve with oxygen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pneumonia
B) TOF
C) Persistent pulmonary hypertension
D) ASD
📖 شرح: PPHN causes right-to-left shunting and poor oxygen response.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
A 4-year-old child presents with fever, abdominal pain, and right lower quadrant tenderness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Appendicitis
B) Gastroenteritis
C) Constipation
D) UTI
📖 شرح: Appendicitis causes RLQ pain and fever.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 1-year-old child presents with recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. Sweat chloride test is positive. What is the diagnosis?
A) Primary ciliary dyskinesia
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Immunodeficiency
D) Asthma
📖 شرح: CF causes thick secretions and recurrent infections.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 6-year-old child presents with petechiae, low platelets, and recent viral infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ITP
B) DIC
C) Hemophilia
D) Leukemia
📖 شرح: ITP causes isolated thrombocytopenia after viral illness.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with a harsh systolic murmur at the lower left sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ASD
B) VSD
C) PDA
D) Pulmonary stenosis
📖 شرح: VSD causes holosystolic murmur at LLSB.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 5-year-old child presents with fever, conjunctivitis, cracked lips, and swollen hands and feet. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Scarlet fever
B) Kawasaki disease
C) Measles
D) Rubella
📖 شرح: Kawasaki disease causes mucocutaneous inflammation.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 2-year-old child presents with fever, irritability, and a swollen, tender knee joint. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Transient synovitis
B) Septic arthritis
C) Juvenile arthritis
D) SCFE
📖 شرح: Septic arthritis presents with fever and inability to bear weight.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with a continuous machinery-like murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ASD
B) VSD
C) PDA
D) TOF
📖 شرح: PDA causes a continuous murmur.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
A 5-year-old child presents with fever, abdominal pain, and a target-shaped rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Lyme disease
B) Scarlet fever
C) Measles
D) Rubella
📖 شرح: Lyme disease causes erythema migrans.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. Blood glucose is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Renal failure
D) UTI
📖 شرح: Diabetes insipidus causes dilute urine and normal glucose.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 6-year-old child presents with fever, rash, and strawberry tongue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Scarlet fever
C) Rubella
D) Kawasaki disease
📖 شرح: Scarlet fever causes strawberry tongue and sandpaper rash.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 1-year-old child presents with recurrent infections and absent thymic shadow on X-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCID
B) DiGeorge syndrome
C) ITP
D) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
📖 شرح: DiGeorge syndrome causes thymic aplasia.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 4-year-old child presents with wheezing and shortness of breath after exposure to dust. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Asthma is triggered by allergens such as dust.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, and refusal to move the neck. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Retropharyngeal abscess
B) Tonsillitis
C) Meningitis
D) Sinusitis
📖 شرح: Retropharyngeal abscess causes neck stiffness and fever.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-month-old infant presents with projectile non-bilious vomiting and a palpable olive-shaped mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Duodenal atresia
C) GERD
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Pyloric stenosis causes projectile non-bilious vomiting.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 7-year-old child presents with fever, joint pain, and a new murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Pericarditis
📖 شرح: Rheumatic fever follows untreated strep throat.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, drooling, and inability to extend the neck. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Tonsillitis
B) Retropharyngeal abscess
C) Epiglottitis
D) Meningitis
📖 شرح: Neck stiffness with drooling suggests deep neck infection.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with cyanosis that worsens with feeding and improves with crying. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Choanal atresia
B) PDA
C) ASD
D) TOF
📖 شرح: Choanal atresia causes cyanosis relieved by crying.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-year-old child presents with fever, rash, and swollen cervical lymph nodes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Rubella
C) Scarlet fever
D) Kawasaki disease
📖 شرح: Rubella causes mild rash and lymphadenopathy.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 4-year-old child presents with a limp and hip pain. X-ray shows avascular necrosis of the femoral head. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCFE
B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
C) Transient synovitis
D) Septic arthritis
📖 شرح: Perthes disease causes avascular necrosis.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B