A newborn presents with a scaphoid abdomen and severe respiratory distress. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
B) Tracheoesophageal fistula
C) Pneumonia
D) Pneumothorax
📖 شرح: Diaphragmatic hernia causes abdominal organs to enter the chest.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 5-year-old child presents with a limp and hip pain after a viral illness. X-ray is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Septic arthritis
B) Transient synovitis
C) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
D) SCFE
📖 شرح: Transient synovitis follows viral infections and has mild symptoms.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 1-year-old child presents with severe dehydration, sunken eyes, dry mucosa, and poor skin turgor. What is the best initial treatment?
A) Oral rehydration solution
B) IV normal saline bolus
C) IV dextrose only
D) Antibiotics
📖 شرح: Severe dehydration requires IV fluids.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 7-year-old child presents with a harsh systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border and a thrill. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ASD
B) Pulmonary stenosis
C) VSD
D) PDA
📖 شرح: Pulmonary stenosis causes a systolic ejection murmur with a thrill.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 6-month-old infant presents with fever, irritability, bulging fontanelle, and poor feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Meningitis
B) Sepsis
C) Otitis media
D) Colic
📖 شرح: Meningitis presents with bulging fontanelle in infants.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 3-year-old child presents with pale skin, fatigue, pica, and low MCV. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Thalassemia major
C) B12 deficiency
D) Aplastic anemia
📖 شرح: Iron deficiency anemia causes microcytic anemia and pica.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with a harsh cough, inspiratory stridor, and steeple sign on X-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Croup
B) Epiglottitis
C) Foreign body aspiration
D) Bronchiolitis
📖 شرح: Croup causes subglottic narrowing seen as steeple sign.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 2-year-old child presents with fever, rash starting on the face and spreading downward, and postauricular lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Rubella
C) Scarlet fever
D) Fifth disease
📖 شرح: Rubella presents with mild rash and lymphadenopathy.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A newborn presents with bilious vomiting and a double bubble sign on X-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Duodenal atresia
C) Malrotation
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Duodenal atresia causes double bubble sign.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 6-year-old child presents with joint pain, fever, and a salmon-colored rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
C) Kawasaki disease
D) Lyme disease
📖 شرح: JIA can present with fever and rash.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 3-year-old child presents with painless rectal bleeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Meckel diverticulum
B) Intussusception
C) Hemorrhoids
D) Anal fissure
📖 شرح: Meckel diverticulum causes painless bleeding.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 5-year-old child presents with a new heart murmur and a history of untreated sore throat. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Rheumatic fever
B) Endocarditis
C) Myocarditis
D) Pericarditis
📖 شرح: Rheumatic fever follows untreated strep throat.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 1-year-old child presents with recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) SCID
B) IgA deficiency
C) ITP
D) DiGeorge syndrome
📖 شرح: SCID causes severe combined immunodeficiency.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 6-year-old child presents with night-time cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Foreign body aspiration
📖 شرح: Asthma causes recurrent wheezing and night symptoms.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 2-year-old child presents with a swollen knee after a minor fall. Labs show prolonged PTT and normal PT. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Hemophilia A
B) ITP
C) Von Willebrand disease
D) DIC
📖 شرح: Hemophilia A causes prolonged PTT.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
A 4-year-old child presents with fever for 5 days, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Scarlet fever
B) Kawasaki disease
C) Measles
D) Rubella
📖 شرح: Kawasaki disease presents with prolonged fever and mucocutaneous signs.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 3-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, drooling, and deviation of the uvula. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Tonsillitis
B) Peritonsillar abscess
C) Epiglottitis
D) Retropharyngeal abscess
📖 شرح: Peritonsillar abscess causes uvula deviation and muffled voice.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 6-month-old infant presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Malrotation with volvulus
C) GERD
D) Intussusception
📖 شرح: Bilious vomiting indicates obstruction beyond the duodenum.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 5-year-old child presents with a sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue, and fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Measles
B) Scarlet fever
C) Rubella
D) Kawasaki disease
📖 شرح: Scarlet fever is caused by Group A strep.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
A 2-year-old child presents with painless swelling of the scrotum that transilluminates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Inguinal hernia
B) Hydrocele
C) Torsion
D) Epididymitis
📖 شرح: Hydrocele transilluminates and is painless.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B