Which uterine contraction pattern is typical during active labor?
A) Irregular and weak
B) Regular and strong
C) Absent
D) Only during sleep
📖 شرح: Active labor involves strong, regular contractions.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which maternal change occurs during the second stage of labor?
A) Cervical dilation
B) Placental separation
C) Active pushing
D) Uterine involution
📖 شرح: The mother actively pushes during the second stage.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Oxytocin
B) Prolactin
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
📖 شرح: Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis in the mammary glands.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection (let?down reflex)?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) FSH
D) LH
📖 شرح: Oxytocin causes contraction of myoepithelial cells for milk ejection.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which structure produces milk?
A) Areola
B) Lactiferous ducts
C) Alveoli of mammary glands
D) Nipple
📖 شرح: Milk is produced in the alveoli of the mammary glands.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which factor increases prolactin secretion postpartum?
A) Estrogen rise
B) Progesterone rise
C) Suckling stimulus
D) Oxytocin inhibition
📖 شرح: Suckling increases prolactin release.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which immunoglobulin is abundant in breast milk?
A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
📖 شرح: IgA provides mucosal immunity to the infant.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which component of breast milk promotes gut colonization with beneficial bacteria?
A) Lactose
B) Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)
C) Casein
D) IgM
📖 شرح: HMOs support growth of beneficial gut flora.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which hormone decreases after delivery to allow lactation to begin?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Estrogen and progesterone
D) FSH
📖 شرح: Falling estrogen and progesterone remove inhibition of prolactin.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which reflex increases oxytocin release during breastfeeding?
A) Suckling reflex
B) Swallowing reflex
C) Rooting reflex
D) Startle reflex
📖 شرح: Suckling triggers oxytocin release.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
Which nutrient is highest in colostrum compared to mature milk?
A) Fat
B) Protein
C) Water
D) Carbohydrates
📖 شرح: Colostrum is rich in protein and antibodies.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which benefit is associated with breastfeeding for the mother?
A) Increased risk of breast cancer
B) Delayed uterine involution
C) Reduced postpartum bleeding
D) Increased ovulation
📖 شرح: Oxytocin release during breastfeeding reduces postpartum bleeding.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which hormone is primarily used in combined oral contraceptive pills?
A) Estrogen and progesterone
B) Progesterone only
C) Testosterone
D) FSH
📖 شرح: Combined pills contain estrogen and progesterone.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
Which contraceptive method provides a physical barrier to sperm entry?
A) IUD
B) Condom
C) Implant
D) Oral pills
📖 شرح: Condoms act as a barrier method.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which contraceptive method is long?acting and reversible?
A) Male condom
B) Copper IUD
C) Withdrawal method
D) Spermicides
📖 شرح: Copper IUD is long?acting and reversible.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which hormone is released by hormonal IUDs?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone (levonorgestrel)
C) FSH
D) LH
📖 شرح: Hormonal IUDs release levonorgestrel.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which emergency contraceptive works by delaying ovulation?
A) Copper IUD
B) Levonorgestrel pill
C) Condom
D) Diaphragm
📖 شرح: Levonorgestrel delays ovulation.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which contraceptive method protects against STIs?
A) Oral contraceptives
B) IUD
C) Condoms
D) Implants
📖 شرح: Condoms provide STI protection.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which contraceptive method involves surgical sterilization in females?
A) Vasectomy
B) Tubal ligation
C) IUD insertion
D) Implant placement
📖 شرح: Tubal ligation is permanent female sterilization.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which contraceptive method may cause decreased bone density with long?term use?
A) Combined oral pills
B) Copper IUD
C) Depo?Provera injection
D) Condoms
📖 شرح: Depo?Provera can reduce bone density.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C