Which factor most strongly influences fetal growth?
A) Maternal age
B) Placental function
C) Fetal position
D) Amniotic fluid color
📖 شرح: Placental efficiency is critical for fetal growth.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which fetal reflex appears around week 28?
A) Rooting reflex
B) Sucking reflex
C) Grasp reflex
D) Startle reflex
📖 شرح: The sucking reflex develops around week 28.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which cardiovascular change occurs during pregnancy?
A) Decreased blood volume
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Decreased heart rate
D) Increased systemic vascular resistance
📖 شرح: Cardiac output increases to meet fetal and maternal demands.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which hormone is primarily responsible for smooth muscle relaxation during pregnancy?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Prolactin
📖 شرح: Progesterone relaxes smooth muscle, including the uterus.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which respiratory change occurs during pregnancy?
A) Decreased tidal volume
B) Increased respiratory rate
C) Increased tidal volume
D) Decreased oxygen consumption
📖 شرح: Tidal volume increases to meet oxygen demands.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which hematologic change is typical in pregnancy?
A) Decreased plasma volume
B) Physiologic anemia
C) Increased hematocrit
D) Decreased blood volume
📖 شرح: Plasma volume increases more than RBC mass, causing dilutional anemia.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which renal change occurs during pregnancy?
A) Decreased GFR
B) Increased GFR
C) Decreased renal blood flow
D) Increased serum creatinine
📖 شرح: GFR increases due to increased renal perfusion.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which gastrointestinal change is common during pregnancy?
A) Increased gastric motility
B) Decreased gastric emptying
C) Decreased reflux
D) Increased lower esophageal sphincter tone
📖 شرح: Progesterone slows gastric emptying.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which endocrine gland increases in size during pregnancy?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Pineal gland
D) Pancreas
📖 شرح: The thyroid enlarges due to increased metabolic demand.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
Which musculoskeletal change occurs during pregnancy?
A) Decreased joint mobility
B) Increased lumbar lordosis
C) Decreased ligament laxity
D) Increased bone density
📖 شرح: Lumbar lordosis increases to balance fetal weight.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which skin change is associated with pregnancy?
A) Vitiligo
B) Melasma
C) Psoriasis
D) Alopecia
📖 شرح: Melasma (mask of pregnancy) is common due to hormonal changes.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which metabolic change occurs during pregnancy?
A) Increased insulin sensitivity
B) Decreased glucose demand
C) Increased insulin resistance
D) Decreased fat storage
📖 شرح: Insulin resistance increases to provide glucose for the fetus.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which hormone is primarily responsible for initiating uterine contractions during labor?
A) Progesterone
B) Oxytocin
C) Prolactin
D) Estrogen
📖 شرح: Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which stage of labor ends with full cervical dilation?
A) First stage
B) Second stage
C) Third stage
D) Latent stage
📖 شرح: The first stage ends at 10 cm dilation.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A
Which stage of labor involves delivery of the baby?
A) First stage
B) Second stage
C) Third stage
D) Fourth stage
📖 شرح: The second stage ends with delivery of the fetus.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which stage of labor involves delivery of the placenta?
A) First stage
B) Second stage
C) Third stage
D) Fourth stage
📖 شرح: The third stage ends with placental delivery.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which hormone increases uterine sensitivity to oxytocin near term?
A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Prolactin
D) Relaxin
📖 شرح: Estrogen upregulates oxytocin receptors.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which factor contributes to cervical dilation during labor?
A) Progesterone
B) Relaxin
C) Thyroxine
D) Cortisol
📖 شرح: Relaxin softens the cervix.
الإجابة الصحيحة: B
Which fetal structure helps determine fetal position during labor?
A) Placenta
B) Umbilical cord
C) Fontanelles
D) Amniotic sac
📖 شرح: Fontanelles help identify fetal orientation.
الإجابة الصحيحة: C
Which term describes the fetal head descending into the pelvis?
A) Engagement
B) Effacement
C) Dilation
D) Station
📖 شرح: Engagement occurs when the head enters the pelvic inlet.
الإجابة الصحيحة: A